IMPORTANT: The NHS England data on coronavirus deaths that's released to the public daily is built up over time
Take 1 April 2020 (the day we have the most data for)
The public were informed of the 558 deaths that occurred in hospital on 1 April 2020 on the following schedule.
In other words, on 2 April, we only knew about 84 of the 558 deaths that had occurred on 1 April. NHS England reported a further 179 deaths for 1 April on 3 April. 134 more deaths for 1 April were reported on 4 April. And so on, and so on.
So every day brought more clarity as to what actually happened in hospitals on 1 April. And the process is ongoing: 1 more death was recorded for 1 April yesterday!
Because the data only started being released on a daily basis from 2 April, and because it takes at least 2 weeks (and likely more) to record every death that occurred on any particular day, we don't yet know the full death toll in hospital in England for any April day.
Why does this matter? Because many people misinterpret the daily figures being released by NHS England as representing COVID-19 deaths that occurred in the last 24 hours. Instead, they're COVID-19 deaths that
occurred any time but were
recorded in the last 24 hours.
This crucial distinction is important because it means that the eye-watering headline death toll is undercounting thousands of deaths that have already occurred in hospital. I don't believe there's malice or intent to conceal. It's just a slow, complex process. Post-mortems and testing take time. Informing the families and obtaining consent take time. Compiling all the information and then gathering it centrally takes time. Verifying each statistic takes time. No conspiracy, just a lot of drag in the system.
But it does mean the 11,000 COVID-19 hospital deaths in England that have already been announced could easily turn out to be 15,000+ once the final count is in. (And of course the gap between the released count and reality widens as the daily toll increases, because each missing day of data includes more deaths.)
And it also means that our "relative performance" graphs will need to be retroactively redrawn in a couple of weeks. We may well find that, far from pacing Italy and behind Spain, we were in fact ahead of both - we just didn't know it at the time.
If you want to take a look at the data for yourself, the NHS England summary spreadsheet is available from the link below, along with the death tolls that were released each day since 2 April. (I drew the graph above by copying each line of data from the individual days' spreadsheets into one file.)
https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/statistical-work-areas/covid-19-daily-deaths/