It's interesting to watch a Bitcoin ticker such as
http://bitcointicker.co/coinbase/btc/usd/
The price just got "stuck" for over 3 minutes because there was a seller wanting to sell 60 Bitcoin at US$15,600 and a buyer wanting to buy 21 Bitcoin at US$15,599. Since most of the transactions on that exchange seem to be for 0.01-0.2 BTC, those 2 big trades blocked things up like a traffic jam. Once they cleared (I couldn't tell if both completed, or if one or both were taken down unfilled) the price suddenly leapt $250 in about 10 seconds before fluctuating like crazy.
That $250 leap was equal to over $4 billion in total market cap. In other words, a transaction "worth" less than a million dollars was able to totally block over 4,000x more market fluctuation.
I think that begins to answer my question the other day about how much purchases and sales move the market cap. The answer is: a LOT more than the value of the purchases or sales.
In other words, you could add billions (very temporarily) to the value of all BTC by buying a few millon dollars worth of BTC in a very short space of time. Or you could knock billions off the total market cap by selling a block of BTC. Not that either action would necessarily help YOU make money, but it's a measure of how incredibly sensitive the market is.
This also suggests that a single large player could utterly destroy BTC's value if they suddenly get cold feet and decide to get out of BTC completely and into something perceived as safer. Imagine the vertical plunge if the amounts on offer were not 50-60 BTC, but blocks of thousands! And yet, in many ways the entire market is dependent on a game of "chicken" being played out by the very large position holders, because it's likely only ONE will get to cash out any decent amount. So everyone's ok until suddenly nobody's ok.
The above analysis is of necessity simplistic, because the price of BTC ultimately is some kind of amalgam of the price on all exchanges, not on a single large exchange. But it's at least indicative...